A genetic disorder of motor neurons that are responsible for controlling muscle movements is known as spinal muscular atrophy. Although this disorder is related to muscle weakness, it is called as such because the nerve cells which control the muscle movement are located in the spinal cord.

It is a rare genetic disorder and can affect anyone, but it usually affects infants when both parents have the same damaged gene. The brain stops sending messages to muscle cells, causing weakness and an inability to control body movements like standing, walking, swallowing or even breathing without support. It can be classified into four types and the severity of this disorder depends on the type of spinal muscular atrophy a person is suffering from. Blood tests, biopsy, and electromyography are some ways to diagnose the condition. There is no cure available for this disorder but treatment options for spinal muscular atrophy can help in preventing and managing it. Here are some of the treatment methods that are used.

• Nutritional therapy
  A well-balanced diet is important for the overall health of the body. Nutritional imbalance can cause muscle loss and treatment options for spinal muscular atrophy must include making changes in dietary plans, taking into consideration the factors like weight and amount of nutrition required. An expert can recommend the carbohydrate, protein, calcium, and vitamin intake required. It is also advisable to consume small and frequent meals and chew the food properly to avoid choking. If a child finds difficulty in chewing the food, feeding tubes can be used to ease the process.
• Physical therapy
  Another treatment option for spinal muscular atrophy includes physical therapy. Regular sessions can help in improving muscle flexibility and also prevent contractures and respiratory failures. Mobility improvement and the prevention of bone density loss can also be achieved through physical therapy. Strengthening exercises through fun and games can be introduced to keep patients active and mobile.
• Occupational therapy
  This therapy focuses on providing supporting aids that would make individuals suffering from the condition feel comfortable in managing their lives. Walkers, splints, wheelchairs, and tricycles are some examples of supporting aids that help in providing support to live a more social and active life.
• Medications
  An important part of the treatment options for spinal muscular atrophy is proper medication. Nusinersen, a prescribed medication, has been known to help in reducing the advancement rate of this disorder. It is injected into the fluid close to the spinal cord and requires regular shots at an interval of time to help manage spinal muscular atrophy. Infants under the age of two are injected with a single dose of onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi, which prevents muscle degeneration and is also called gene replacement therapy.
• Palliative care
  The treatment options for spinal muscular atrophy also include palliative care, where healthcare professionals provide information on how to deal with this disorder and help in reducing stress and focusing on improving the quality of life.